The 2026 West Nile virus (WNV) season in Europe has exceeded the decade average, with 1,482 human cases reported in 16 countries as of September 17, 2026.
Italy leads with 516 cases and 25 deaths, followed by Greece with 284 cases and 24 deaths. North Macedonia shows the highest fatality rate (13%) with 55 cases and seven deaths.
121 outbreaks in equids and 280 in birds have been reported in ten countries, exceeding historical averages. Transmission has expanded geographically to new regions in Belgium, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, and France. Cases predominantly affect men aged 65 and over, with 60% presenting neurological symptoms.
